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Frequently Asked Questions (Automation)
F.A.Q.
Questions From You!
Questions From You!
What is INVERTER?
They are industrial devices that can make speed, torque and torque settings of asynchronous motors.
It consists of three main parts;
* Rectifier circuit that converts AC source to DC
* DC bus to obtain an uninterrupted DC supply
* Inverter circuit that adjusts the required voltage and frequency to the motor.
Before connecting my S100 device to the motor on the production line, I gave electricity. Output voltage drops during acceleration when testing the inverter without a motor. I need to test whether the inverter is working before using it on the production line.
The problem is that the output terminal (motor) is not connected to the inverter. This is a normal result as software is programmed this way for security measures. The problem can be fixed by connecting the motor to the inverter. But the same situation can be encountered when the motor is connected. The safety program is activated according to the amount of output current produced from the inverter. The output voltage may drop if the motor capacity is small compared to the inverter causing very small output current. If this program makes it difficult to use and there are requests by end users, please contact us.
What is 3-wire work?
3-wire operation seals the signal input (the signal remains closed even after the button is pressed) and is also used to start the inverter with a push of a button. To enable 3-wire operation it is necessary to follow the circuit sequence. The minimum input time (t) for 3-wire operation is 1 ms and operation stops if forward and reverse operation commands are entered simultaneously.
Why does the inverter not work when the frequency command is entered?
1-Make sure the Run command is entered.
2- Activate the Power On Run function in the ADV group.
3-Please check the output contact signal.
What is the difference between QuickStart-1 and QuickStart-2?
When the motor starts idling the inverter, the quick start function estimates and calculates the idle speed and helps the motor to run safely. This function can be used as a start function by selecting Quick Start-1 or Quick Start-2 depending on the application used. Quick Start-1 is a function that allows stable operation in the low speed range (10 Hz or less) if the direction of the start command is the same when the engine is idling and restarting. Normal speed may not be found if the direction of the run command is reversed when the engine is idling and restarting. The Quick Start-2 function is a function that performs stable speed seeking work regardless of engine idling direction or driving instructions. If the engine idle speed is low (below 10-15 Hz), the speed may not be correct as a possible disadvantage.
What parameters should be entered into the inverter when establishing the connection between EtherCAD, PLC and S100?
In EtherCAD connection, synchronized data connection is provided via Process Data Object (PDO). Process data includes TxPDO sent from the inverter to the EtherCAD Master and RxPDO sent from the EtherCAD Master to the inverter. There are two types of profiles such as CiA402 and LS device profile. With the LS device profile(PDO3), the user can randomly match the data defined in the object dictionary of the inverter via COM31-COM38 and COM51-COM58. For the CiA402 profile, the control word is fixed with target speed, status word and speed actual value.
What is sensorless vector control?
Sensorless vector control is the process of performing vector control without rotational speed feedback from the motor but with the estimated rotational speed of the motor calculated by the inverter. Compared to V/F control, sensorless vector control can produce larger torque at a lower current level. For high performance operation , the characteristic of the motor connected to the inverter output should be measured. Before running the sensorless vector operation, you can use autotuning(AUTOUN) to measure the parameters. To run high performance sensorless vector control, inverter and motor capacities must be the same. If the motor capacity is more than two levels smaller than the inverter capacity, the control may be faulty. If you encounter this situation, change the control mode to V/F control. When working with sensorless vector control, do not connect more than one motor to the inverter output.
Let's explain the MMC Function.
MMC stands for Multiple Motor Control and it uses an inverter to control multiple motors. This function is used to secure the flow from the auxiliary motor when the inverter is installed in the pump plant when insufficient flow rate cannot be transmitted to the main motor. For HVAC only, the H100 product contains five parameter elements on the multi-function relay output terminals: one to five relay outputs allowing the use of up to five auxiliary motors. The main motor controls the primary PID with a power supply from the inverter output, feedback from the pump pressure values and starts/stops the secondary motor according to the set frequency. Route the input power to the inverter so you can use it as a power source to start the auxiliary motor. The H100 internal system has a series of sequences in which the auxiliary motor is started, which signals a relay to signal the motor to start the secondary motor. Parameters that affect this sequence include AP1-43: Starting Aux, AP1-49: Aux On/Off Seq, AP1-55: Auto Ch Mode available.
How to avoid mechanical resonance frequencies?
Use frequency hopping to avoid mechanical resonance frequencies. The inverter will avoid certain frequency ranges during acceleration and deceleration. The operating frequencies cannot be adjusted within the preset frequency hopping band. When the operating frequency is increased while the frequency parameter setting value (voltage, current, RS-485 communication, keypad setting, etc.) is within the frequency jump band, the frequency is maintained at the lower limit value of the frequency band. Then, the frequency will rise when the frequency parameter setting exceeds the frequency range used by the frequency skip band.
Analogue Input/Output Setting
Q: There is a problem with the analog input output signal because the inverter does not recognize the input output correctly. For example, the controller gives 100% input speed, but the inverter only runs at 57 Hz. At the same time, when the inverter is operating at 30 Hz, the output frequency display shows only 29 Hz. Is there any solution to this problem?
A: Many unexpected situations can be encountered when the system is installed in the field, and analog input-output status is one of them. The main reason for analog is signal noise generated from existing systems of other devices integrated together. The following instructions may be a solution to running the inverter in the full speed range. First, for the input mismatch, you will need to change the analog input scaling. In the above case, it can be seen that the inverter only works up to 57Hz. It will be 9.5V recognized by the inverter. Input voltage can be controlled in IN-05. Whatever the reason, the maximum input is 9.5V. So, if the input voltage recognition scaling at IN-10_V1 Voltx2 is changed to 9.5V, the inverter will only receive analog input up to 9.5V. Second, for output mismatch, you will need to change the output scaling. Output scaling can be changed with the Gain and Bias parameter in OUT-02 & 03.
How can I set the IP address of Ethernet communication with iS7?
First, check if the Ethernet option card is recognized as CNF-30 Option-1 type. Second, set the DRV-6. Command source and DRV-7. Frequency Source to Fieldbus. The parameter settings for communication are located in the COM group, and the IP address, subnet entry values are in COM-14~15. IP address, Subnet mask and Gateway settings are in COM-10~11, COM-12~13 and COM-14~15 respectively. However, the settings need to be converted in hexadecimal. (For example, IP 192.168.0.1 COM-10:C0A8 (192.168), COM-11: 0001 (0.1)).
When installing a residual current relay in an LS Driver circuit, at what value should we select the residual current relay?
While selecting the residual current relay, this calculation will vary depending on the motor capacity, driver capacity, supply voltage, cable length and cross-section between the motor and the driver.
It can be viewed from the table below.
https://www.ls-electric.com/upload/faq/Table(0).png
I want to connect DriveVeiw7 via RJ45. When I set the baud rate to 9600 bps, the communication fails. How can I fix?
If you want to connect via RJ45 cable, you must set the "Communication Rate" to 19,200 bps in DriveView7. This is fixed value for RJ45 connection. Parameter related to Modbus RTU communication speed affects “S+”,”S-“ terminals.
How can I set the frequency reference for the voltage input?
1) To set a frequency reference for 0~ 10V Input, set code 07(Frequency reference source) in DRV group to 2(V1), and then set code 06 in Input Terminal group (IN) to 1 (bipolar). Use the output voltage from an external source or the output voltage from the VR Terminal to provide input to V1. Only use voltage inputs ranging from 0-10V (unipolar) for forward operation.
2) To set a frequency reference for -10~10V Input, set code 07(Frequency reference source) in DRV group to 2(V1), and then set code 06 in Input Terminal group (IN) to 1 (bipolar). Use the output voltage from an external source or the output voltage from the VR Terminal to input V1. Use voltage inputs ranging from -10 to +10V (bipolar) for both directions where negative voltage inputs are used for reverse operations.
Is there any way to check the analog command values in the inverter during maintenance?
Display can be achieved with the Inverter Keypad Display built into the I Inverter. Set the screen you want to watch in “View Setting 1~3”. Ex) 1-Frequency[Hz], 2-Voltage[V], 3-Current[mA] When you select “11.I1 Monitor [mA]” from the display options, you can view the analog input value from the keypad screen. (For advanced keypad)
What is the maximum cable length allowed when using a dv/dt filter on an LS VFD output?
The maximum cable lengths of the VFD and the dv/dt filterless motor in the user manual are listed in the table below. (*50m up to 3.7 kW, 150m after 5.5 kW.) However, when using the dv/dt filter, the distance cannot be guaranteed without considering various variables. The allowable distance may vary depending on the power and wiring environment, the performance of the filters, and the condition of the engine. Although not guaranteed, there is also a case in Korea where we wired within 300 meters at the lowest carrier frequency with a drive with a large capacity over 110kW.
Is Thermal protection necessary when controlling two motors?
The distance between Inverter-Motor /50m/100m/more than 100m is allowed. Carrier frequency / less than 15 kH (15.0) / less than 10 kH (10.0) / less than 5 kH (5.0). The inverter has electron-thermal protection function to protect the motor from overheating. You do not need to install an external thermal relay. But when you start a large number of mortor or multipole motors, install the thermal relay (OCR) between the motor and the inverter.
Generally, it is used above 3Hz when the motor is driven by an inverter. But if it is below 3Hz, is it impossible to output?
The lowest frequency and the motion frequency are not the same. The lowest frequency motor temperature is about 3Hz considering the rising and moving torque. But the moving frequency is actually about 0.2~5Hz as a point to get output voltage.
Difference between PWM and PAM
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) changes the voltage by changing the voltage output time on the pulse without changing the smoothed DC voltage. The sine wave that sequentially converts the output pulse width so that the motors with current flowing become a sine wave is called PWM. It becomes the main form because of the small torque wave of the low frequency region. PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) modifies the DC current amplitude, so it has features with small harmonic components and driving noise.
Motor runs in reverse when using quick start iS7. How can I fix this situation?
iS7 has two quickstart modes. “Quick Start-1” captures speed at higher response time and is less sensitive to PI gain values. “Quick Start-2” can recognize the direction and has higher accuracy in the low speed range. Use “Quick Start-2” to prevent reverse running.
I cannot access the drive parameter group in M100.
In case of M100, parameter groups are hidden except “Operation Group”. If you enable all groups, you need to set [OGr] parameter to “1” in “Operation Group”. Then the other group will be displayed on the Keypad.
Parameter Copy/Paste
Please find the following two methods when applying the copy and history feature using the iS7 digital installer. 1) System without fieldbus communication When the control panel is a system without any fieldbus communication, it is correct to use CNF-46 to read parameters from CPU and CNF-47 to write to a new drive. Reading is copying from the CPU to the keypad and writing is pasting the settings from the current inverter to a new one. 2) System using fieldbus communication (options such as CC-link, CANopen, Profibus-DP) When an option card is connected to the inverter, all the settings made via the keypad are entered and the option card is saved in the CPU. It is therefore recommended to always go over a Comm. It is the update process using COM-94 to apply the fieldbus settings to the main control card of the inverter. Additionally, when copying and pasting the settings on the keypad, follow these steps: 1) CNF-48=Saving Parameters: This operation saves the dialog group settings to the main control board. 2) CNF-46= Parameter Reading and CNF-47=Parameter Writing: It is exactly the same process as non-fieldbus option type. 3) COM-94= Comm. Update: Applies the copied communication settings to the new inverter.
What is the S100 Security function? (safety entry)
The safety function is an electronic system used to stop the system in an emergency that may occur in the motor drive system. This function allows the system to be terminated unexpectedly. This function operates in accordance with EN60204-1 stop category 0. When any lead is disconnected at terminals SA, SB or SC, the safety function instantly turns off the output current to stop the motor. (The relay is not included in the system.)
What is the standard for IG5A maximum analog output voltage?
In case [Analog output item selection] is “0”, that is, [Output frequency], “10V” analog output voltage is the maximum frequency (F21). When [Analog output item selection] is set to “1” which means [Output current], it will be 150% of 10V Inverter rated current. When [Analog output item selection] is set to “2” which means [Output voltage], the output voltage of 10V 200V type Inverter will be 282Vac and 10V of the output voltage of 400V type Inverter will be 564Vac. When [Analog output item selection] is set to “3”, it means [Inverter DC Link Voltage], 10V will be 400Vdc DC Link voltage in 200V type Inverter and 10V will be 800Vdc DC Link voltage in 400V type Inverter.
What is the difference between FDT-4 and BR control function for relay output?
For vertical loads, the multi-function relay settings are mostly used to control brake signals. When using the FDT-4 function, the relay signal turns on according to the set frequency. When the brake signal is controlled by the BR control function, the relay is switched on and off according to the frequency and current conditions. Allows more stable motor control due to reduced starting current when using the BR control function.
What are RS, Lsigma, LS and TR and what are they used for?
Automatic tuning of the VFD is the process by which the drive measures the impedance of a motor to adjust the motor control algorithm. The measured values are used to determine the voltage and current at different speeds. As a result, this allows the motor load to be driven more effectively and better speed regulation, especially when running without feedback (open loop). The measured values consist of Rs, Lsigma, Ls and Tr. Rs is a stator resistance, Lsigma is a leakage inductance, Ls is a stator inductance, and Tr is a time constant for the rotor.
What is the "Trend" function in DriveView7?
DriveView7 supports additional functions such as “Trend”. The trend function is the monitor that allows the user to observe the variables as a graph. In the trend function, you can watch four different channels at the same time. Through this function, the user can monitor "Output frequency", "Output Current", "Output voltage", "D/I state", "D/O state" and so on.
What is the difference between “Torque limit” and “Anti stall”?
Obviously, “Torque limit” and “Stall prevention” are similar because both functions limit the output current. But they have different working conditions. “Torque limit” operates based on peak current and “Stagnation prevention” operates on RMS (Root Mean Square) value of current. The current value displayed on the keypad is the RMS value. Therefore, the output current appears to be limited below the torque limit. The peak value can be obtained by multiplying the RMS current by the root of two.
How to connect the power connection diagram of the S100 single-phase product?
In case of S100 single phase, please connect terminals “R” and “T”. There are three power input terminals. But there is no screw in the "S" terminal as you don't need to connect it.
DC Reactor
AC/DC Diode rectifier may cause current distortion on the input side of the inverter. This results in a low power factor which reduces the efficiency of the system. It can reduce these harmonic distortions, which have bad effects on the reactor electrical transformer and electronic devices. Also, AC and DC Reactor should not be accidentally installed in an Inverter because voltage drop may occur.
Expansion I/O
As an example, you need to use Expansion I/O using terminal V2 for analog input. In this case, you need to connect the 5G-CM terminal and the VR+-V2-5G terminals. Because Expansion I/O needs external power supply.
Encoder error
“1) Please check if you have set the encoder specifications and the encoder power supply values in the drive correctly.
2) Please check the encoder installation. Because the motor axis rotates fast, mechanical vibration can damage the encoder.
Is Skip Frequency possible during PID control?
In the case of PID control, the Skip Frequency function cannot be used as the load state can change at any time.
DB (Dynamic Braking) Unit
We offer internal DB units from 11 to 22 kW. You can use terminals B1 and B2 to connect the DB resistor. The short pin must not be removed when the connection is established. Also, you should not connect the unit while it is energized.
Moving a keypad
By connecting the cable (up to 5M), you can control the inverter only with the remote keypad. At the same time, you can monitor the same screen contents from both the remote keypad and the keypad of the body.
Voltage level in conjunction with DB resistor (DC bus collapse)
“The voltage characteristics of the DB resistor are as follows. Voltage level that turns DB resistor ON: 798Vdc, Voltage level that turns DB resistor OFF: 781Vdc, Voltage level that causes overvoltage fault: 8220Vdc.”
Inverter does not work at 400Hz.
The maximum inverter operating frequency is 300Hz under vector control condition. In the case of V/F control mode, the output frequency goes up to 400Hz.
Braking Resistor (DB resistor)
While the motor speed is reduced by the inverter, the motor acts as an induction generator and sends voltage to the inverter in the opposite direction. In this way, the DC bus does not swell and the device does not switch to an overvoltage-related fault.
Torque
The power produced by the engine can be called Torque. In direct line motion, power is generally expressed in N units. In motors, power is expressed in Nm.
AUTO TUNING ( AutoTune )
When the inverter reads the electrical characteristic of the induction motor and the drive motor, the inverter sets the parameter itself. Then it executes the sensorless vector control properly.
What is the vector property in the inverter?
V/F controlled AC motors lose power at a value different from the tag frequency. Vector control devices are used to produce the label torque after the starting frequency of the motor.
What is a Sensorless Vector Inverter?
The driver drives the motor by making estimations from the current drawn according to the characteristics of the motor and the magnetic field effects it creates, without receiving any feedback from the system driven by the motor.
What is the difference between V.V.V.F and Inverter?
V.V.V.F (Variable Voltage – Variable Frequency) is a variable frequency inverter path that changes frequency and voltage simultaneously. It is used synonymously with INVERTER.